Before this, although there were diatribes published against drunkenness and excess, total abstinence from alcohol was very rarely advocated or practiced. Temperance or the control of alcohol, originated in the late 18th century. Now that might not seem all that exciting and I have to admit that I doubted I would uncover enough information to even write a decent article but as usual once you start digging there's more to it than once imagined. So there it is.the word temperance has to do with the control of one's self-indulgence in alcohol. 3.) Total abstinence from alcoholic liquors. 2.) Habitual moderation in the indulgence of natural appetite or passion, especially in the use of alcoholic liquors. The word Temperance means 1.) Moderation or self-restraint in action, statement, etc, self-control. So in this article we're going to explore the word "temperance" and see how it has had an effect on Greenfield. Now our older generation may immediately know what the word means, but the younger generation probably won't. In looking through some historical material I came across the word "Temperance" and the word stood out to me. This month's article is exactly what happened.
![old word for tavern keeper old word for tavern keeper](https://www.tuntavern.com/images/pagestopright/tun-tri-legacy.jpg)
The modern spelling, cheap, came in from Middle English to the 1600s and is the only variation used after the 1600s.If you've read some of my articles you will find that most of them are written because I have come across something that I've found interesting and it sparks some curiosity that I follow. In the 1500s chiepe and cheap could also be found. In the Middle English to the 1500s there was chepe, cheep, and cheepe. The Old English noun ceap took on copious spelling variations in Middle English including chep, chype, and schep. The Germanic languages of the term have the hypothetical derivative verbs kaupjan and kaupojan, meaning "to barter, buy and sell, etc." There is also the hypothetical West Germanic agent noun derivative kaupo, -on, meaning "trader, merchant." Quoted from the OED, "the coincidence of the stem kaup-, and especially the identity of the West Germanic hypothetical agent noun kaupo, -on 'trader, merchant, dealer', with Latin caupo, -on-em 'petty tradesmen, huckster, tavern keeper', has suggested that the Germanic word and its family are of Latin origin. The word cheap entered the English language in Old English as the noun ceap and had numerous initial meanings including: "barter, buying and selling, market, price, merchandise, stock, cattle." This word is derived from the Old Germanic word kaupo (hypothetical), which later became West Germanic kaup (hypothetical) and the Old Norse brother word kaup, meaning "bargain, pay, wages." The Old Germanic derivative West Germanic kaup (hypothetical) became the Old High German chouf, the Old English ceap, the Old Frisian kap, and the Old Saxon kop.
![old word for tavern keeper old word for tavern keeper](https://i.pinimg.com/originals/11/11/69/1111697dbefab5bb54b6d1a53c0f7f8c.jpg)
Please see the related GitHub page for project development details.*** The Etymology of Cheap According to the Oxford Engligh Dictionary Online I will be exploring how cheap has developed from the earliest uses of the word into how we use it in the present day. Greenfield this project describes the usage of cheap in the English language. Created as the final research project for the University of Pittsburgh at Greensburg's History of the English Language Course taught by Dr.
![old word for tavern keeper old word for tavern keeper](https://wordmint.sfo2.cdn.digitaloceanspaces.com/p/Canterbury_Tales_66311.png)
***This website is an in-depth investigation of the word cheap.